Brief review
*Title: Influence of bone mineral density on pedicle
screw fixation: a study of pedicle screw fixation augmenting posterior lumbar
interbody fusion in elderly patients
척추경나사못고정술에서 골밀도의 영향: 고령환자의 후방 요추체간 유합술에서 척추경 나사못 고정의 연구
*Author: Koichiro
Okuyama, Eiji Abe, Tetsuya Suzuki, Yasuki Tamura, Mitzuho Chiba, Kozo Sato
*Bibliography: TheSpine Journal1(2001)402-407.
Background context:
-Some
biomechanical studies have demonstrated that bone mineral density of the lumbar
spine (BMD) affects the stability of pedicle screws in vitro.
-Common problem: screw
bending, breakage, loosening(radiolucency in the bone screw interface).
Purpose:
-To investigate influence of BMD on loosening and related failure of pedicle
screws in vivo.
Study design/setting:
-A clinical study of 52 patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation augmenting
posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).
Patient sample:
▶Subject
number: 52 patients (13 men + 39 women)
▶Mean
age: 63 years (range, 45–76 yr)
▶Mean
follow-up period: 2.8 years (range, 2–6 yr).
Outcome measures:
-statistically analyzed(Relationship between BMD, screw loosening, and its
related failures)
Methods:
-BMD was measured by
the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method.
-Two authors did radiographic
assessments.
▶52
patients were divided into 3 groups as below.
1. Union: n=40
(no movement
on the lateral view in the flx-ext in the fixed segment and continuity
of trabecular bony bridging at the fixed interbody space.)
2. Non union: n=4
(any movement
or discontinuity)
3. Undetermined
union: n=8
(continuity of
the trabecular bony bridging was vague in spite of no movement of
the fixed segment in the flx-ext.)
Results:
The mean BMD values
are as follow. (Unit: g/cm2 / mean±S.D.)
▶All
patients: 0.879±0.215
▶Patients with or without screw loosening
-with screw loosening: 0.720±0.078 (n=11)
-without screw loosening: 0.922±0.221 (n=41).
>>Significant difference
between with and without screw loosening
(the mean BMD of patients ,P<.01).
▶Union patients
-Union patients: 0.934±0.210 (n=40)
-Non
union: 0.674±0.104 (n=4)
-Undetermined
union: 0.710±0.116 (n=8)
>>Union
was significantly greater than those with Nonunion and Undetermined union (P<.05).
Conclusion:
-BMD has a close
relation with the stability of pedicle screws
-BMD value below
0.674±0.104 g/cm2 suggests a potential increased risk of “nonunion” when
pedicle screw fixation is performed in conjunction with PLIF.
